molecular geneticss is at the level of dna

cytogenetics is at the level of c hromoosomes

objectives

what are cytogenetics?

• study of chromosomes, structure of chromosome, how they behave during cell cycle division
  • any change in the strucutre \ number of chromosomes → affect the clinical phenotype
  • if the indiividual due to errors in the chromosome during cell division
    • e.g …. 21? down syndrome

usually

we cannot eradicate these cells,

trisome 21? we cannot convert that individual to non-dwn syndrome

they are affected forever, until death

one thing to bear in mind

• there are other abnormalities
  • e.g cancer
  • cancer cells will adapt a kind of chromosomal abnormality
  • if we get rid of these cells via chemotherapy → we get rid of the cells carrying the abnormality

inborn diseases (like down syndrome) are forever

acquired changes such as cancer can be eradicated via chemotherapy