slides are on moodle if you want to make notes yes

this chapter will be very different from the type of stuff we’ve had so far

so this is nuclear physics and radioactivity

• this chapter is…. diffrent in a sense in that we have alot more to memorise than understand
  • not many formulas but alot of memorise
  • not many general problems to solve compared to previous sections (lighter in this sense)

nuclear → nucleus of atoms

• structure of an atom (dense nucleus…..)
• swarm\cloud of electrons surround the nucleus (negative charge)
• nucleus is very heavy, made of
  • proton and neutrons (elementary particles)
  • particles → quantum particles, even though we didnt have a chapter on this, but during the previous chapters on waves, we kept saying quantum particles like electrons behave like waves too

keep in mind that particle refers to quantum, not classical

• you can never fix their position
• if you tell electron to sit in this particular position. if you want to try to confine to that region (tiny position) → then it’s velocity is infinity
• if you want to stop an electron, then the electron will becomes completely localized

electrons has an uncertainty principle

not part of ica

• if you have a particple with uncertainty in position (delta X)
• and yo uhave uncertainty in its velocity
• these multiplied to one another, has to be bigger than a constant

if you want to make the measurement of an electron to be very precise (you know exactly where it is)

meaning v and x has to be constant → becomes very large (infinity)